Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Ethics, Euthanasia and Canadian Law. Utilitarianism Theory, Morality Essay Example for Free
Ethics, Euthanasia and Canadian Law. Utilitarianism Theory, Morality Essay Utilitarianism Theory Introduction v. Latimer Summary            The case study is about Mr. Latimer and the actions he did in the name of ending the pain and torture that Tracy, his twelve-year daughter, was going through. Tracy suffered from Cerebral Palsy; it was due to this that Tracy was quadriplegic. She was not able to do anything on her own and therefore used to rely on other people for assistance. Feeding herself was difficult; hence, it was the family’s responsibility to ensure that their daughter did not sleep hungry. Ever since she was born, Tracy had undergone two surgeries, which according to Mr. Latimer had caused more pain to her than before. When Mr. Latimer was told that His daughter was to undergo another surgery, he was not comfortable with this idea since it meant even more pain for Tracy. It was because of this that Mr. Latimer decided to end his daughter’s life by exposing her to carbon monoxide. Later on Mr. Latimer confessed to killing his daughter and it was because of this that he was accused of second degree murder and issued a 10-year jail term, which was in accordance with the Criminal code. Morality            In my opinion, Mr. Latimer was morally right when he decided to end his daughter’s life. Since he was the parent, he knew exactly the pain that Tracy was going through. Latimer knew that the surgeries that his daughter was being subjected to were doing her more harm than good. This is because she was only a twelve-year old and such pains were unbearable. It is obvious that Latimer loved his daughter; this is because he allowed two surgeries to be performed on her. Mr. Latimer had the perception that the surgeries would improve Tracy’s life but this never happened, instead, it made her life unbearable. Due to this, Mr. Latimer was against another surgery since it meant additional pain and suffering. Hence, in my opinion, ending his daughter’s life was the moral thing to do as a parent.            The verdict made on Mr. Latimer was morally wrong. This is because the jury never stopped for a while to consider the pain that this girl used to undergo on a daily basis. According to Bauslaugh (2014), it would be wrong to equate Latimer to a murderer. This is because unlike other murderers who are malicious, Latimer ended his daughter’s life out of love and mot malice. By deciding to end his daughter’s life, which was always painful, Latimer was morally right. Ending a person’s life in order to end the pain that one is going through has always been referred to as euthanasia. Medical practitioners have practiced euthanasia for decades and it is still active to date. In order to embrace morality, the jury would not have paid much attention to the fact that Latimer committed murder but on the main reason that prompted him commit the act. Utilitarianism and Formalism            According to Perez and Moore (2012), whereas utilitarianism is the process where one does an act that he or she beliefs is morally right, Formalism is the act where one’s actions are either right or wrong. The main difference between utilitarianism and Formalism is that whereas Utilitarianism first considers the reasons behind certain actions, it is different with formalism. This is because unlike utilitarianism, Formalism never considers morality or the reasons why one committed a certain actions. This is because in formalism, one’s actions are either right or wrong. Utilitarianism Theory            In my opinion, instead of formalism, the Court would have embraced the utilitarianism theory before making the final rulings. According to Perez and Moore (2012), utilitarianism always puts into consideration the happiness of the majority. Happiness is usually a byproduct of one’s action and not a defensible principle. According to studies, before making any conclusions, it is usually vital that one acts in a manner that creates happiness to many people (Perez Moore, 2012).            According to Perez and Moore (2012), people are often distinguished on their level of morality, when faced with a moral dilemma; a moral person usually calculates the amount of happiness that his or her actions will cause. For instance, had the jury been moral, it would have stopped to consider the consequences of the rulings before accusing Latimer of second degree murder and finally sentencing him to prison. Latimer’s sentence received a lot of uproar from the public; this is because many people were not happy with the manner in which the ruling was made (Bauslaugh, 2014). Since utilitarianism puts into consideration the happiness of the majority, it becomes evident that one does not consider the repercussions that he or she might face because of the actions made (Perez Moore, 2012). References Bauslaugh, G. (2014). Ethics, Euthanasia and Canadian Law. Retrieved on 26 October 2014 from file:///C:/Users/David/AppData/Local/Temp/Ethics,%20Euthanasia%20%20Canadian%20Law%20%20%20%20Robert%20Latimer.html Perez, D. W., Moore, J. A. (2013). Police Ethics: A Matter of Character. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Cengage Learning. Source document
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Toni Morrison Essay examples -- essays research papers
Toni Morrison The issue of abandonment and the will that it takes to survive the hardship of it is a reoccurring theme in Toni Morrison’s writing. Tar Baby, Sula and Paradise all deal with the issue of abandonment and how it relates to the characters in her stories. â€Å"Through her fiction, Toni Morrison intends to present problems, not their answers†(Moon). Her stated aim is to show "how to survive whole in a world where we are all of us, in some measure, victims of something." (Morrison) Morrison's broad vision extends beyond the individual to one that explores self-discovery in relation to a "shared history." In order to dramatize the destructive effects of this kind of dependency, she intentionally exaggerates to find the limits. In a film interview, Morrison has stated, "I suppose that in many of my novels I tend to discuss one's dependency on the world for identification, self-value, feelings of worth. The abandonment that it takes for one to gain th ese qualities is prominent in my writing.†Toni Morrison has been consistently insightful and helpful critic of her work. With regard to her novels, she has indicated that her plan was to take love and the effects of its scarcity in the world as her major themes, concentrating on the interior lives of her characters, especially those of an enclosed community. Born Chloe Anthony Wofford, on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio. The daughter of George Wofford, a shipyard welder, and his wife Ramah, Morrison was schooled by her parents in the richness of her African-American heritage and the joys of great literature. When she entered first grade, she was the only black student in her class and also the only child who had already learned to read. Since many people couldn't pronounce her first name correctly, she changed it to Toni, a shortened writing". version of her middle name. She joined a repertory company, the Howard University Players, with whom she made several tours of the South. She saw firsthand the life of the blacks there, the life her parents had escaped by moving north. After graduating, Toni was offered a job at Texas Southern University in Houston, where she taught introductory English. Unlike Howard University, where black culture was neglected or minimized, at Texas Southern they celebrated black heritage with Negro hist ory week and introduced to her the idea of b... ... of her birth, to marry, to raise a family, to become a pillar of the tightly knit black community. The other, Sula Peace, rejects all that Nel has accepted. She escapes to college, submerges herself in city life, and when she returns to her roots, it is as a rebel, a mocker, a wanton sexual seductress.†(Back Cover) The relationship between the young women throughout a certain portion of their lives was put on hold due to the distance between them. Sula chose to move away from Ohio when she was young and therefore somewhat abandoned the life that the two girls had in previous years. When reunited with Sula, Nel expresses her thoughts on the abandonment of herself by her friend: â€Å"[Sula] said doing anything forever and ever was hell. Nel didn't understand it then, but now in the bathroom, trying to feel, she thought . . . "Sula was wrong. Hell ain't things lasting forever. Hell is change." Not only did men leave and children grow up and die, but even that misery didn't last. One day she wouldn't even have that. This very grief that had twisted her into a curve on the floor and flayed her would be gone. She would lose that too†. (Morrsion, 108)
Monday, January 13, 2020
Deception Point Page 37
Ekstrom scowled. â€Å"So is it possible or not?†â€Å"Not on your life,†Norah said flatly. â€Å"Totally impossible. I would have hit pockets of brine ice in my core samples.†â€Å"Core samples are drilled essentially in random spots, right?†Rachel asked. â€Å"Is there any chance the cores' placements, simply by bad luck, could have missed a pocket of sea ice?†â€Å"I drilled directly down over the meteorite. Then I drilled multiple cores only a few yards on either side. You can't get any closer.†â€Å"Just asking.†â€Å"The point is moot,†Norah said. â€Å"Brine interstices occur only in seasonal ice-ice that forms and melts every season. The Milne Ice Shelf is fast ice-ice that forms in the mountains and holds fast until it migrates to the calving zone and falls into the sea. As convenient as frozen plankton would be for explaining this mysterious little phenomenon, I can guarantee there are no hidden networks of frozen plankton in this glacier.†The group fell silent again. Despite the stark rebuttal of the frozen plankton theory, Rachel's systematic analysis of the data refused to accept the rejection. Instinctively, Rachel knew that the presence of frozen plankton in the glacier beneath them was the simplest solution to the riddle. The Law of Parsimony, she thought. Her NRO instructors had driven it into her subconscious. When multiple explanations exist, the simplest is usually correct. Norah Mangor obviously had a lot to lose if her ice-core data was wrong, and Rachel wondered if maybe Norah had seen the plankton, realized she'd made a mistake in claiming the glacier was solid, and was now simply trying to cover her tracks. â€Å"All I know,†Rachel said, â€Å"is that I just briefed the entire White House staff and told them this meteorite was discovered in a pristine matrix of ice and had been sealed there, untouched by outside influence since 1716, when it broke off of a famous meteorite called the Jungersol. This fact now appears to be in some question.†The NASA administrator was silent, his expression grave. Tolland cleared his throat. â€Å"I have to agree with Rachel. There was saltwater and plankton in the pool. No matter what the explanation is, that shaft is obviously not a closed environment. We can't say it is.†Corky was looking uncomfortable. â€Å"Um, folks, not to sound like the astrophysicist here, but in my field when we make mistakes, we're usually off by billions of years. Is this little plankton/saltwater mix-up really all that important? I mean, the perfection of the ice surrounding the meteorite in no way affects the meteorite itself, right? We still have the fossils. Nobody is questioning their authenticity. If it turns out we've made a mistake with the ice-core data, nobody will really care. All they'll care about is that we found proof of life on another planet.†â€Å"I'm sorry, Dr. Marlinson,†Rachel said, â€Å"as someone who analyzes data for a living, I have to disagree. Any tiny flaw in the data NASA presents tonight has the potential to cast doubt over the credibility of the entire discovery. Including the authenticity of the fossils.†Corky's jaw fell open. â€Å"What are you talking about? Those fossils are irrefutable!†â€Å"I know that. You know that. But if the public catches wind that NASA knowingly presented ice-core data that was in question, trust me, they will immediately start wondering what else NASA lied about.†Norah stepped forward, eyes flashing. â€Å"My ice-core data is not in question.†She turned to the administrator. â€Å"I can prove to you, categorically, that there is no brine ice trapped anywhere in this ice shelf!†The administrator eyed her a long moment. â€Å"How?†Norah outlined her plan. When she was done, Rachel had to admit, the idea sounded like a reasonable one. The administrator did not look so sure. â€Å"And the results will be definitive?†â€Å"One hundred percent confirmation,†Norah assured him. â€Å"If there's one goddamn ounce of frozen saltwater anywhere near that meteorite shaft, you will see it. Even a few droplets will light up on my gear like Times Square.†The administrator's brow furrowed beneath his military buzz cut. â€Å"There's not much time. The press conference is in a couple of hours.†â€Å"I can be back in twenty minutes.†â€Å"How far out on the glacier did you say you have to go?†â€Å"Not far. Two hundred yards should do it.†Ekstrom nodded. â€Å"Are you certain it's safe?†â€Å"I'll take flares,†Norah replied. â€Å"And Mike will go with me.†Tolland's head shot up. â€Å"I will?†â€Å"You sure as hell will, Mike! We'll be tethered. I'd appreciate a strong set of arms out there if the wind whips up.†â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"She's right,†the administrator said, turning to Tolland. â€Å"If she goes, she can't go alone. I'd send some of my men with her, but frankly, I'd rather keep this plankton issue to ourselves until we figure out if it's a problem or not.†Tolland gave a reluctant nod. â€Å"I'd like to go too,†Rachel said. Norah spun like a cobra. â€Å"The hell you will.†â€Å"Actually,†the administrator said, as if an idea had just occurred to him, â€Å"I think I'd feel safer if we used the standard quad tether configuration. If you go dual, and Mike slips, you'll never hold him. Four people are a lot safer than two.†He paused glancing at Corky. â€Å"That would mean either you or Dr. Ming.†Ekstrom glanced around the habisphere. â€Å"Where is Dr. Ming, anyway?†â€Å"I haven't seen him in a while,†Tolland said. â€Å"He might be catching a nap.†Ekstrom turned to Corky. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, I cannot require that you go out with them, and yet-â€Å" â€Å"What the hell?†Corky said. â€Å"Seeing as everyone is getting along so well.†â€Å"No!†Norah exclaimed. â€Å"Four people will slow us down. Mike and I are going alone.†â€Å"You are not going alone.†The administrator's tone was final. â€Å"There's a reason tethers are built as quads, and we're going to do this as safely as possible. The last thing I need is an accident a couple hours before the biggest press conference in NASA's history.†43 Gabrielle Ashe felt a precarious uncertainty as she sat in the heavy air of Marjorie Tench's office. What could this woman possibly want with me? Behind the room's sole desk, Tench leaned back in her chair, her hard features seeming to radiate pleasure with Gabrielle's discomfort. â€Å"Does the smoke bother you?†Tench asked, tapping a fresh cigarette from her pack. â€Å"No,†Gabrielle lied. Tench was already lighting up anyway. â€Å"You and your candidate have taken quite an interest in NASA during this campaign.†â€Å"True,†Gabrielle snapped, making no effort to hide her anger, â€Å"thanks to some creative encouragement. I'd like an explanation.†Tench gave an innocent pout. â€Å"You want to know why I've been sending you e-mail fodder for your attack on NASA?†â€Å"The information you sent me hurt your President.†â€Å"In the short run, yes.†The ominous tone in Tench's voice made Gabrielle uneasy. â€Å"What's that supposed to mean?†â€Å"Relax, Gabrielle. My e-mails didn't change things much. Senator Sexton was NASA-bashing long before I stepped in. I simply helped him clarify his message. Solidify his position.†â€Å"Solidify his position?†â€Å"Exactly.†Tench smiled, revealing stained teeth. â€Å"Which, I must say, he did quite effectively this afternoon on CNN.†Gabrielle recalled the senator's reaction to Tench's fence-buster question. Yes, I would act to abolish NASA. Sexton had gotten himself cornered, but he'd played out of the rough with a strong drive. It was the right move. Wasn't it? From Tench's contented look, Gabrielle sensed there was information missing.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
The World Of The Roaring Twenties A Decade Of Jazz And...
Place yourself in the roaring twenties. A decade of jazz and gin, of invention and discovery, and of conformism and materialism. The American man believed America could be going in no other direction but forward, with the advent of radio and television broadcasting, various household appliances, and important medicines like Penicillin and Insulin, among others. Renowned author, Aldous Huxley, lived during this roaring age and saw something different. He feared for America’s future. Although he had trouble admitting and determining this fear, many traces of this fear can be found in Brave New World, his utopian novel depicting the foreseeable future. blah blah blah In Brave New World, many influences from its time can be seen. Henry Ford’s philosophy is one of the most predominant ideas implemented into the novel, and is seen being applied extensively in the first three chapters when you abruptly enter the World State. The assembly line concept is noticeable in the hatch ery, where â€Å"social predestination becomes reality†(gupea). This is where humans from the World State are manufactured technically to be developed into specific castes. Depending on which caste the human is to be born into, the workers would create it in differing ways. Such differentiation can be seen when â€Å"the Alphas and Betas [go] back to the incubators, while the Gammas, the Deltas, and the Epsilons were brought out again [...] to undergo the Boskonovsky’s process†(Huxley, Ch. 1). In Ford’s case, he is
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